{"id":9210,"date":"2012-10-31T12:53:39","date_gmt":"2012-10-31T12:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/?p=9210"},"modified":"2012-10-31T13:51:14","modified_gmt":"2012-10-31T13:51:14","slug":"chalara-dieback-of-ash","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/chalara-dieback-of-ash\/","title":{"rendered":"Chalara dieback of ash"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Common ash will be found in the Glen &amp; our other woods. Most of our moorland ash trees are rowan (not common ash) and have naturally seeded locally but it is possible these could be effected too.<\/p>\n<p>The text below is taken directly from the Forestry Commision website <a title=\"Forestry Commision\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forestry.gov.uk\/chalara\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to read more there are some links in the article below or try:- <a title=\"Ash Die back\" href=\"http:\/\/www.woodlandtrust.org.uk\/en\/about-us\/faqs\/your-woods\/Pages\/ash-dieback.aspx#.UJErtWcySQw\" target=\"_blank\">Woodland Trust<\/a><\/p>\n<h1>Chalara dieback of ash (Chalara fraxinea)<\/h1>\n<h3><strong>Description<\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" title=\"Ash\" src=\"http:\/\/www.forestry.gov.uk\/images\/2019134big.jpg\/$FILE\/2019134big.jpg\" alt=\"Ash\" width=\"187\" height=\"250\" \/><\/h3>\n<p>Chalara dieback of ash\u00a0is a serious disease of ash trees caused by a fungus called\u00a0<em>Chalara fraxinea (C. fraxinea)<\/em>. The disease causes leaf loss and crown dieback in affected trees, and it\u00a0can lead to tree death.<\/p>\n<h3>Outbreak stage<\/h3>\n<p>Ash trees suffering with <em>C. fraxinea infection <\/em>have\u00a0 been found widely across Europe since trees now believed to have been infected with this newly identified pathogen were reported dying in large numbers in Poland in 1992. These have included forest trees, trees in urban areas such as parks and gardens, and also young trees in nurseries.<\/p>\n<p>In February 2012\u00a0it was\u00a0found in a consignment of infected trees sent from a nursery in the Netherlands to a nursery in\u00a0Buckinghamshire, England. Since then it has been found in a number of locations and situations in England and Scotland, including\u00a0a car park in Leicester; a Forestry Commission Scotland woodland at Knockmountain, near Kilmacolm, west of Glasgow;\u00a0a college campus in South Yorkshire; and a property in County Durham.\u00a0All these sites had received stocks of young ash plants from nurseries within\u00a0the past five years. Further\u00a0cases have also confirmed in the nursery trade.<\/p>\n<p>In October 2012, Fera scientists confirmed a small number of cases in East Anglia in ash trees which do not appear to have any association with recently supplied nursery stock.<\/p>\n<p><em>C. fraxinea <\/em>is being treated as a quarantine pest under national emergency measures, and\u00a0it is important that suspected cases of the disease are reported.<\/p>\n<h3>Distribution<\/h3>\n<h3><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.forestry.gov.uk\/images\/uk_outbreak_mapasmall.jpg\/$FILE\/uk_outbreak_mapasmall.jpg\" alt=\"Outbreak map.\" \/><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestry.gov.uk\/images\/uk_outbreak_map2a.jpg\/$file\/uk_outbreak_map2a.jpg\" target=\"_self\">Large size map<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Symptoms<\/h3>\n<p>Our Forest Research agency has produced a\u00a0practical <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestry.gov.uk\/pdf\/Symptoms_guide_Chalara_dieback_of_ash_2012.pdf\/$FILE\/Symptoms_guide_Chalara_dieback_of_ash_2012.pdf\" target=\"_self\">pictorial guide <\/a>to\u00a0recognising the main symptoms, and an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestry.gov.uk\/pdf\/pest-alert-ash-dieback-2012.pdf\/$FILE\/pest-alert-ash-dieback-2012.pdf\" target=\"_self\">exotic pest alert <\/a>\u00a0which\u00a0gives\u00a0more information about the disease.<\/p>\n<p><strong>VIDEO:<\/strong> The\u00a0Food &amp; Environment Research Agency (Fera) has also produced\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=y1GpufLkBto&amp;feature=plcp\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">this video <\/a>presenting and explaining the main symptoms.<\/p>\n<h3>Reporting suspected cases<\/h3>\n<p>Please report suspected cases of the disease to one of the following:<\/p>\n<p>Forest Research Tree Health Diagnostic and Advisory Service<br \/>\nT: 01420 23000;<br \/>\nE: <a href=\"mailto:ddas.ah@forestry.gsi.gov.uk\">ddas.ah@forestry.gsi.gov.uk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Forestry Commission Plant Health Service<br \/>\nT: 0131 314 6414;<br \/>\nE: <a href=\"mailto:plant.health@forestry.gsi.gov.uk\">plant.health@forestry.gsi.gov.uk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Fera Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate<br \/>\nT: 01904 465625;<br \/>\nE: <a href=\"mailto:planthealth.info@fera.gsi.gov.uk\">planthealth.info@fera.gsi.gov.uk<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Origins<\/h3>\n<p>Ash trees were first recorded dying in large numbers from what is now believed to be this newly identified form of ash dieback in Poland in 1992, and it spread rapidly to other European countries. However, it was 2006 before the fungus\u2019s asexual stage, <em>C. fraxinea<\/em>, was first \u201cdescribed\u201d by scientists, and 2010 before its sexual stage, <em>Hymenoscyphus pseudo-albidus<\/em>, was described. It is believed to have entered Great Britain on plants for planting imported from nurseries in Continental Europe. However, now that we have found infected older trees in East Anglia\u00a0with no apparent connection with nursery stock, we are also investigating the possibility that it might have entered\u00a0Britain by natural means. These include being carried on the wind or on birds coming across the North Sea, or on items such as footwear, clothing or vehicles of people who had been in infected sites in Continental Europe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>VIDEO:<\/strong> Our colleagues in Fera have produced <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Xf8fll_DWOM\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">this video <\/a>outlining the history of the pathogen.<\/p>\n<h3>Pest risk assessment consultation<\/h3>\n<p>A Pest Risk Assessment (PRA) on <em>C. fraxinea\u00a0<\/em> was\u00a0published, and a formal consultation on its management held by Fera.\u00a0To read the PRA and find out about the consultation, visit the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fera.defra.gov.uk\/plants\/consultations\/index.cfm\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">plant pests and diseases consultation pages<\/a> of the Fera website.<\/p>\n<p>A new <a href=\"http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2012\/2707\/pdfs\/uksi_20122707_en.pdf\/$FILE\/uksi_20122707_en.pdf\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Plant Health Order 2012 (pdf)<\/a>\u00a0prohibiting all import of ash trees and all movement of ash material, was subsequently published on 30 October 2012.<\/p>\n<h3>Further information<\/h3>\n<p>For further information see our page of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestry.gov.uk\/forestry\/infd-8w9euv\" target=\"_self\">Questions and Answers <\/a>about Chalara dieback of ash.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Common ash will be found in the Glen &amp; our other woods. Most of our moorland ash trees are rowan (not common ash) and have naturally seeded locally but it is possible these could be effected too. The text below is taken directly from the Forestry Commision website here. If you want to read more &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/chalara-dieback-of-ash\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Chalara dieback of ash<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-reports"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3jIxk-2oy","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9210"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9212,"href":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9210\/revisions\/9212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baildonmoor.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}